Introduction to Arduino
Let’s start by understanding what Arduino is and what it can do for you as a beginner in electronics.
Installing the Arduino IDE
Before you can start programming Arduino, you need to install the Arduino IDE — the official development environment.
Blink: Your First Arduino Project
Let's build your first real Arduino project — make an LED blink!
Understanding Arduino Code Structure
Learn how Arduino code is structured and how setup() and loop() work together.
Working with Digital Output
Learn how to control components like LEDs, buzzers, and relays using digital pins.
Working with Digital Input
Learn how to use buttons and switches with Arduino and respond to user input.
Working with Analog Input
Learn how to read variable values from sensors using analog pins.
Working with Analog Output (PWM)
Use analogWrite() to control brightness, speed, and more with Pulse Width Modulation.
Final Assessment & Certificate
Take this final quiz to test your knowledge. Score 71% or more to earn your certificate!
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A digital input allows Arduino to read two states:
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HIGH (5 volts — ON)
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LOW (0 volts — OFF)
The most common digital input is a push button.
🔧 What You Need:
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1× push button
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1× 10kΩ resistor
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Jumper wires
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Arduino Uno
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1× LED
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1× 220Ω resistor (optional — for LED)
⚙️ Wiring Instructions:
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One leg of the button → Digital Pin 4
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Same leg of the button → 10kΩ resistor → GND
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Other leg of the button → 5V
This creates a pull-down resistor setup — it keeps the pin LOW (0V) when the button is not pressed.
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LED: Connect its longer leg (anode) → Pin 2
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Shorter leg (cathode) → 220Ω resistor → GND
🔁 What the Program Will Do:
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Arduino checks the state of the button on Pin 4
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If the button is pressed (HIGH), it will turn ON the LED connected to Pin 2
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If the button is released (LOW), the LED will turn OFF
This is the foundation of interactive Arduino projects — buttons, sensors, and triggers! You can replace the LED with buzzers, motors, relays, or any other digital output.
